Diabetes sugar symptoms and signs

Diabetes is a sinister disease and increased blood sugar levels have been observed.When digesting food, carbohydrates and proteins break down into simple sugars and amino acids.The liver converts all sugars and certain amino acids into glucose, which is used as an energy source for each body.Glucose uses insulin, hormones produced by the pancreas (pear-shaped organs located below the stomach) enter the cells.Insulin attaches to receptors on the surface of the cell membrane, promoting the promotion of proteins transferred from the depth of the cell to its surface, where they attach to glucose and carry it into the cell.With diabetes, this process has several disturbances: the production of insulin with the pancreas may be partially or completely interfered with, or the body’s body cannot effectively respond to normal insulin.

Diabetes is a heterogeneous disease found in two forms: the first type or "insulin-dependent" diabetes and the second type of diabetes or "insulin-dependent".In the first type of diabetes (also known as young diabetes), the pancreas produces a small amount of insulin or does not produce insulin at all.

This type of diabetes develops suddenly, most commonly in people under the age of 30.The average age of development ranges from 12 to 14 years.However, the first type of diabetes accounts for only 5% of all diabetes cases.The second type of diabetes, also known as adult diabetes, is more common.In this type of diabetes, the production of insulin pancreas is only slightly reduced, but the cells are unable to respond effectively to insulin, so the disease is considered insulin resistance.The second type of diabetes usually starts with degree, affecting people over 40, especially the entire population, one of which is one of the risk factors that are over 50 years old.Sometimes, in adults, the first type of diabetes can be observed.

The main causes of diabetes development are: hereditary susceptibility, pancreatic disease, overeating (read - excessive pancreas, liver and gastrointestinal overload), overdose of simple carbohydrates (sugar, candy, candy, candy, jam, jam, cake, cake, chocolate and more), animal fat, alcohol, alcohol.In some cases, diabetes may occur due to trauma, poisoning, or poisoning (including medication).

Due to both types of diabetes, high blood sugar can cause glucose to be released into the urine, accompanied by an increase in urine production.If the first diabetic patient with the wrong amount of insulin is specified, excessive fatty acid ejection from the adipose tissue can lead to excessive production of ketone bodies in the liver.The accumulation of ketone bodies can lead to life-threatening diseases called diabetic ketosis disaster.Sometimes when you experience strong tension during severe infectious diseases in the body, diabetic wave disease is sometimes found in patients with type 2 diabetes.

People with the second type of diabetes are susceptible to another threatening disease, known as an over-permeable non-melting state, characterized by extremely high blood sugar levels.This disease is often found in older people with any other serious illness.Diabetic ketosis can cause toxicity or hyperpenetrating attacks in a state that may be the first sign of diabetes.

Patients with diabetes may also suffer from hypoglycemia (hypoglycemia) if they are treated with excessive insulin during treatment.

After 10-20 years of diabetes, patients may suffer from complications such as visual impairment, kidney damage, and degeneration of the peripheral nervous system (neuropathy).Strict control of the glucose content in the blood can detain or prevent these complications from occurring.Losing touch on the legs can lead to the fact that the damage will be unattractive and infection will occur.

symptom

Are there any signs that you have diabetes, or are there any dangers in it?

• Excessive and frequent urination (approximately hourly).Wake up and urinate at night.To eliminate excess sugar, the body discharges it through the kidneys in the urine.
• Strong thirst or increased need to drink a lot of liquid.This is due to the fact that the glucose level in the blood increases, the blood “eliminates” fluid from the tissue, and the tissue is dehydrated.Therefore, patients are forced to drink a lot: 2-3-5 liters per day.
• Itching of the skin and genitals.
• Dry mouth.
• The wound is not well cured.
• First, it was reduced by violating food absorption, especially carbohydrates, and was subsequently reduced.
• Lower immunity - From mediocre flu and cold to frequent infections of pneumonia.
• Sometimes, the disease is before "strange" conditions: due to short-term forced hunger or intense physical exercise, headache, paleness, praise sweat and general weakness.After eating alone, he drank at least one cup of sweet tea and all symptoms passed quickly.Indirectly, this may indicate a pancreas failure: insulin is more inlet to blood than usual, and sugar levels are lowered below the allowable level 3-3.5.
• Increased appetite.
• Untimely weight loss.
• Poor vision.
• Fatigue and powerlessness.
• Frequent or constant infections of the bladder, skin or gums.
• Legs and hands are numb and tingling.
• Signs of hypoglycemia.
• Strong symptoms of over-penetrating non-monetary state: extraordinary thirst, lethargy, weakness, confusion in consciousness, coma.
• Strong symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis: nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, confusion, coma.

The symptoms were observed in 40-90% of diabetic patients long before diagnosis.But there are also "non-human" symptoms, which lead to increased blood sugar:

The skin gradually becomes dry, wrinkles, rude palms and soles, peeling, thickening of nails, dry and brittle hair, due to common immunity, rash, boiling, boiling, boiling, cabbage, recidivism, appears in the blood of the patient.Usually, the skin is affected by fungi, eczema, lichen.

1. Appearance and progression of vascular disease - atherosclerosis, hypertension, angina, development of memory (vascular suffering of the brain);
2. Diabetic changes in blood vessels (retinopathy) and reduced vision;
3. Reduction of renal function (nephrodisiac, pyelonephritis);
4. Diabetic feet (“cold burning and squeezing in warmth” – violating blood supply to lower limbs);
5. Sometimes the role (mental disorder) changes;
6. One of the signs of diabetes is gingival lesions - periodontitis, bleeding, blue gums, teeth start to emit, sometimes leaving the legal place without pain.
7. Diabetes can affect the endocrine glands.Men lose interest in women, not only does sexual desire reduce them, but also reduce their effectiveness.In women, the menstrual cycle is “lost” and happens to completely disappear.

This is why diabetes is called an endocrine disease with pancreatic lesions, characterized by increased blood sugar and all types of metabolism in the body.

In diabetes, anti-glycemia, hidden diabetes and diabetes itself (explicitly).The latter is manifested in light, moderate and severe severity.

For resistance to diabetes and mild diabetes, nutrition is the only therapeutic factor.and have moderate and severe forms - necessary to successfully treat and maintain an acceptable quality of life.

In addition, people with diabetes are more likely to shrink the stenosis of the coronary artery and reduce blood vessels that provide the brain and legs.A combination of infectious diseases in the legs and a reduced blood supply can lead to gangrene (tissue death), which requires amputation.

The treatment of the first type of diabetes requires one to four insulin injections per day.(Insulin cannot be taken orally because digested juice destroys insulin.) In addition, it is necessary to observe your diet and exercise to keep your blood sugar levels low or too low.For the second type of diabetes, medications (including insulin) are often required, but a combination of diet, exercise, and weight loss can be used.Treatment depends to a large extent on self-control.Although there is no means to cure diabetes, almost all patients are able to control their symptoms and live a fulfilling life.

• The first type of diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by a false attack on the insulin-producing pancreatic cells.
• For diabetes in second tin, genetic factors are important.
• Too much integrity makes people tend to develop in the second category of diabetes.
• Certain drugs, such as corticosteroids or diuretic thiazines, may increase the risk of a second type of diabetes.
• Other diseases, such as hemochrome tumors, chronic pancreatitis, Cushing or hypertrophy syndrome, can lead to diabetes.Surgical removal of the pancreas can also cause diabetes.
• Pregnant women may have diabetes, which usually disappear after delivery.These women are at risk of developing a second type of diabetes in the future.
• Contrary to existing opinions, the use of large amounts of sweets does not promote the development of diabetes.

The general principles of nutrition in diabetes are reduced to simple rules.

The calorie content of the diet should reduce the consumption of simple carbohydrates: sugar, cakes, ice cream, chocolate, candy, jam, pasta, rice, honey and similar products, thus reducing it to 2000-2200 kcal.Black bread, beans, vegetables, fruits are complex carbohydrates (except bananas, grapes, watermelons) and are allowed to consume them within normal ranges.Seafood is useful because it contains good high-quality protein and minerals contained in it, especially zinc - an essential ingredient for the production of insulin.The zinc content of beans, therefore necessary for patients with diabetes and copper, is the champion among vegetables.The use of beans reduces thirst and in the case of accompanying atherosclerosis and violating the rhythm of the heart - the normal rhythm is restored!

It is recommended to eat 3-4 times a day.Drink water between meals.It should be limited by the daily intake of sodium salt up to 10 g, animals and vegetable fats - to 50 g, as well as reduce the consumption of dairy products with a high fat content (cheeses, ice cream, cream, sour cream), meat, sausages, smoked spots, chocolate, cakes, halva, caviar, brain, giblets and skin of poverty.

prevention

• To prevent the development of the second type of diabetes, if you weigh more than 20%, you must lose weight and maintain a normal weight.
• Exercise regularly.
• There is no good way to prevent the first type of diabetes.
• People with any type of diabetes should undergo regular ophthalmic examinations to detect and treat diabetes with visual impairment early.

diagnosis

• Medical history and physical examinations can provide a basis for hypothetical disease.
• If blood tests are performed on an empty stomach at least twice, a diagnosis can be made.
• When the test results are ambiguous, samples of glucose tolerance can be made.The patient drank a drink containing 75 grams of glucose, and then measured blood sugar content every 30 minutes for two hours.
• Urine analysis can be performed to determine protein content.
• Measure blood sugar glycoprotein; it shows the average blood sugar content in the blood in the past two to three months.

For the first type of diabetes:

• Insulin injection is required every day.One to four injections per day are required to control glucose levels in the blood.There are long medications and quick movements, and they are usually prescribed in combination.
• To maintain the desired glucose levels in the blood, a strict diet and meal schedule is required.Your doctor can recommend foods that are low in fat, salt and cholesterol and recommends visiting a nutritionist for a food plan.
• Since both body exercise and insulin reduce glucose levels, exercise and insulin should be designed so that its effect is not applied and does not lead to a risk of lowering blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
• For proper disease control, a strict injection, diet and performance exercise schedule must be performed.

For the second type of diabetes:

• Using low-fat and low-content foods combined with the correct performance of exercises to control weight is necessary.
• If exercise and diet do not have enough blood sugar, it can be said that oral medications are taken to increase insulin pancreas production.
• Other oral medications can reduce insulin resistance or slow down sugar absorption in the intestine.
• Insulin injection may be required for strong attacks on the second diabetes or for patients with other diseases of the second diabetes.

For two types of diabetes:

• A blood test is required to measure glucose levels, 1 to 4 times a day (depending on the doctor's advice).Your doctor will advise you which device to use at home to measure blood sugar.
• Special attention should be paid to the development of atherosclerosis, as it is often combined with diabetes.Diabetics should not smoke, take low-fat, cholesterol and salt, and take medications with high blood pressure or high cholesterol.
• When a diabetic person becomes ill, diabetics should drink plenty of water, such as the flu, to fill the lost fluid and prevent diabetic coma.During the disease, people with the first type of diabetes should check the urine of the ketone body every four to six hours.
• People with diabetes should take care of their feet and check them every day.Nerve damage in diabetes can reduce leg sensitivity, while small damage can lead to the development of severe infectious diseases.
• Laser photocoagulation to prevent rupture of micro blood vessels in the eyes can help prevent or cure diabetic retinopathy.Most people with diabetes need to check the ophthalmologist at least once a year to detect the initial manifestations of retinopathy.
• Dialysis is an artificial hematologic filtration process and may be necessary for renal failure.In severe cases, kidney transplants may be required.
• Clearly control glucose levels in the blood to prevent subsequent complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, and nervous systems.
• When blood pressure is controlled, kidney damage may slow down.

When you need a doctor

• If you notice a sudden or gradual increase in the amount of urine produced by hunger, thirst, or increased urine output, please contact your doctor.
• If you have diabetes, contact your doctor and get sick from a runny nose or flu, which makes your blood sugar levels out of control.Do not use medications sold without consulting a doctor.
• attention!If a diabetic loses consciousness, call the ambulance.Tell the doctor that a person has diabetes.
• attention!(In the second type of diabetes.) Immediately, call the ambulance immediately if you have symptoms of an overly permeable non-brown state; they include severe thirst, lethargy, weakness, and confusion.
• attention!(In the first type of diabetes.) Call the ambulance immediately if you have diabetic ketopathy symptoms; they include a dry mouth, dry and red skin, sweet or odorous fruits in your mouth, difficulty breathing, vomiting and abdominal pain combined with excessive urination and severe thirst (or not).
• attention!(Use the first type of diabetes.) If the ketone body and measures specified by the doctor are found in the urine, see the doctor immediately, which will not help deal with the problem.