diabetes

This conceptdiabetes"Generally, it means a group of endocrine diseases that form due to absolute or relatively shortage of hormones in the body.insulin.In view of this situation, the patient showedHyperglycemia- The amount of glucose in human blood increased significantly.Diabetes is characterized by a chronic course.In the process of developing the disease, metabolic violations occur overall: ViolationFat,,,,,protein,,,,,carbohydrate,,,,,mineralandWater and saltexchange.According to WHO statistics, in the diabetes world, about 150 million people are ill.By the way, not only one person, but also animals, such as cats, all suffer from diabetes.

The meaning of the word "diabetes" in the Greek language is "expired".Therefore, the concept of "diabetes" refers to "sugar".In this case, the main sign of the disease is shown - the excretion of sugar in the urine.To date, there have been many studies on the causes of this disease, but the causes of the disease manifestations and complications have not been finalized.

Types of diabetes

Diabetes can sometimes be one of the manifestations of potential diseases in humans.In this case, we are talking aboutSymptomed diabetesIt may happen in the context of failurethyroidorpancreas Glands,,,,,Adrenal glands,,,,,pituitary.Furthermore, this form of diabetes develops with the consequences of treatment with certain drugs.If successful treatment is successfully passed, diabetes can be cured.

Diabetes usually fall into two forms:Type 1 diabetes, that'sInsulin dependence,besidesType 2 diabetes, that'sInsulin dependence.

Type 1 diabetes is most common in young people: usually, most of these patients are less than thirty years old.About 10-15% of the total number of people with diabetes suffer from this disease.Diabetes in children are mainly manifested in this form.

The first type of diabetes is the result of damage to the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells.This type of diabetes often becomes ill after viral disease -Mumpitis,,,,,Viral hepatitis,,,,,Rublich.Usually, the first type of diabetes occursAutoimmune diseasesbDue to defects in the body's immune system.Often, unhealthy weight loss manifests itself in people with the first type of diabetes.In the blood, sugar levels increase significantly.Patients with the first type of diabetes depend on the continuous injection of insulin, which becomes crucial.

Overall, among patients with type 2 diabetes, patients with diabetes prevail.Meanwhile, about 15% of patients with the disease are normal in weight and all others are overweight.

Type 2 diabetes is developing for fundamentally different reasons.In this case, using beta cells produces enough or too much insulin, however, tissues in the body lose the ability to receive their specific signals.In this case, a survival insulin injection is not required, but sometimes prescribed to control the patient's blood sugar.

Causes of diabetes

One of the forms of type 1 diabetes -"Insulin Dependence", the main cause of this form may be complications after viral infection, e.g.influenza,,,,,Herpes,besidesCholecithin.Factors that cause type 2 diabetes -"Insulin Dependence"It is a genetic susceptibility, as well as the endocrine system and obesity.

The main causes of diabetes are damagedCarbohydrate metabolism, because the pancreas cannot produce the right amount of insulin hormone or produce the necessary quality of insulin, it is manifested.There are many assumptions about the reasons for this state.To be sure, diabetes is a non-tumor disease.There is a theory that the cause of disease is genetic defects.The risk of the disease has proven to be higher, while those with relatives with diabetes.The possibility of this disease is particularly high in patients diagnosed with diabetes between parents.

Experts define another important factor that directly affects the likelihood of diabetesobesity.In this case, one can access to adjust your weight, so you should take this issue seriously.

Another outrageous factor is the many diseases, and the result is failureβ cells.First, we're talking aboutpancreatitis,,,,,Other endocrine gland diseases,,,,,Pancreatic cancer.

Viral infection can serve as a trigger mechanism for the onset of diabetes.Viral infections “start” diabetes away from each case.However, people with hereditary tendencies to diabetes and other arrangement factors are much higher at risk.

In addition, doctors identified the inducing factors of this factor.pressureand emotional over-construction.The elderly should remember the possibility of sick diabetes: the older a person is, the more likely it is to have a disease.

At the same time, many people assume that those with diabetes who keep eating lots of sugar and desserts are at risk of getting sick from the perspective that such people are highly likely to be obese.

In more rare cases, diabetes in children and adults occurs due to certain hormone diseases in the body and damage to the pancreas due to alcoholism or taking certain medications.

Another hypothesis suggests the viral nature of diabetes.Therefore, due to viral damage to the beta cells of the pancreas, type 1 diabetes can be shown, thereby producing insulin.In response, the immune system producesAntibodyCalledisolated.

But to this day, there are many obscure points in determining the cause of diabetes.

Symptoms of diabetes

First, the symptoms of diabetes are manifested by the strong production of urine.A person not only starts to urinate, but also becomes much smaller (this phenomenon is calledPolyuria).In view of this phenomenon, patients have a veryStrong thirst.Stand out with urineglucose, a person loses calories.Therefore, due to the constant feeling of hunger, the signs of diabetes are too strong.

Other unpleasant phenomena occur as symptoms of diabetes: severe fatigue,Constant sleepiness, the presence of itching in the perineum.Patients can freeze their limbs and their vision gradually decreases.

The following signs of progression of the disease are manifested in diabetes.The patient pointed out that his wound healed much, gradually suppressing the overall lifespan of the body.

It is important to consider that the main signs of diabetes that everyone should pay attention to are loss of vitality, a constant thirst, a feeling of rapid excretion, and excretion of urine with consumed fluids.

However, at first, the symptoms of diabetes may not appear at all, and the disease can only be determined by laboratory tests.If the disease does not occur and a slight increase in sugar levels is detected in the blood and is present in the urine, someone is diagnosedPre-diabetes.It is a characteristic of a large number of people who have been developing type 2 diabetes ten to fifteen years later.In this case, insulin does not perform a cleavage functioncarbohydrate.As a result, too little glucose enters the bloodstream, which is a source of energy.

Diagnosis of diabetes

Therefore, diabetes gradually manifests itself in a person, so doctors distinguish between the development of three periods.In people who are prone to illness due to the presence of certain risk factors, SO is manifesteddiabetes.If glucose has been absorbed by the disease but there are no signs of the disease, the patient is diagnosed as a patientHidden Diabetes.The third stage is the development of the disease.

Laboratory testing is particularly important for diagnosing diabetes in children and adults.When checking urine, it was foundacetoneandsugar.The fastest way to establish a diagnosis is a blood test that determines glucose levels.Moreover, this is the most reliable diagnosis.

Higher research accuracy ensures oral tolerance of glucose tolerance.Initially, it is necessary to determine what level of glucose levels in the patient's blood.After that, a person should drink a glass of water, in which 75 grams of glucose is pre-soluble.Two hours later, a second measurement was performed.If the glucose content results from 3.3 to 7.0 mmol/L, glucose tolerance is disturbed and the result exceeds 11.1 mmol/L, the patient is diagnosed with diabetes.

In addition, during the diagnosis of diabetes, blood tests were performedSaccharified oxidesTo determine the average blood sugar level over the long term (about 3 months).The method is also used to determine the effectiveness of diabetes treatment in the past three months.

Treatment of diabetes

Doctors prescribe comprehensive treatment for diabetes to support the normal amount of glucose in the blood.In this case, it is important to considerHyperglycemia, that is, the increase in sugar levels, does notHypoglycemia, that is, his fall.

The glucose content should reach approximately the same level throughout the day.Such support allows us to prevent the manifestations of life-threatening complications of diabetes.Therefore, it is very important that the person himself carefully controls his or her status and treats the disease as disciplined as possible.Root canal instrument- This is a specially designed device that can independently measure glucose levels in the blood.To analyze, you should drop a drop of blood from your fingers and apply it to the test strip.

Importantly, diabetes treatment in children and adults begins immediately after a person is diagnosed accordingly.Given what type of diabetes a patient has, doctors have defined the treatment for diabetes.

For the treatment of type 1 diabetes, it is important to provide lifelong hormone replacement therapy.To this end, patients diagnosed with the first type of diabetes should receive insulin injections every day.In this case, there are no other treatment options.Diabetes did not succumb to treatment until the effect of insulin was determined in 1921.

There is a special insulin classification based on the source of the drug and the duration of its action.distinguishBullish,,,,,porkandHumaninsulin.The amount of insulin used today is lower due to many side effects found.The closest structure to humans is pig insulin.The difference isAmino acids.The duration of insulin action may beShort,,,,,Average,,,,,Long.

Usually, patients produce insulin within about 20-30 minutes before eating.It is inserted subcutaneously into the thigh, shoulder or stomach, and the injection site should alternate at each injection.

When insulin enters the blood, it stimulates the transition from blood to tissue.If taken overdose, it will be filled with hypoglycemia.The symptoms of this condition are as follows: the patient has trembling sweat separation, a rapid heartbeat, and a person feels weak.In this state, a person should use a few tablespoons of sugar or a cup of sweet water to quickly increase glucose levels.

Considering all the characteristics of the body and his image throughout his life, experts should choose insulin management programs specifically.Daily insulin dose selection corresponds to physiological norms.Two-thirds of the hormone dose is received in the morning and afternoon, and one-third of the afternoon and evening.There are several different regimens for introducing injections, and the feasibility of their use is determined by the physician.Insulin dose correction is possible, depending on many factors (diet, physical load, characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism).An important role in determining the optimal insulin intake is to independently measure glucose levels and retain records about self-observation.

In this case, the corresponding diet in diabetes is very necessary.It is important to take food according to a special plan: three main meals and three meals.The power of diabetes takes into account the fact that carbohydrates are the largest increase in blood sugar content.However, it does not need to be strictly restricted.At a normal human body weight, it is important to consider the amount of carbohydrates to choose the correct dose of insulin.

If a person has a second type of diabetes, you simply cannot take medication at the beginning of the disease.In this case, diet in diabetes is important to minimize the use of simple carbohydrates and a capable method of physical fatigue.If diabetes progresses, medication is required.The doctor prescribed sugar-free medication.He chooses the right medicine from the derivativesulfhydryl mocevina,,,,,Prandial Glikemia Regulator.They help increase sensitivity to fabric insulinBiguanides(The drug also reduces the absorption of glucose in the intestine) andThiazolide.In the absence of the effect of the specified drug treatment, the patient was prescribed with insulin treatment.

Using diabetes, folk recipes were also practiced to stimulate blood sugar reduction.For this purpose, decay of herbs with such properties is used.This is a blueberry, flax seeds, leaf belts, laurel slices, juniper and rose hip fruits, calf roots, especially oval nettle leaves, etc.Take herbal soup several times a day before eating.

The power supply for diabetes

Suitable for patientssugarType 1 diabetesThe main treatment method for diabetes is insulin injection, and diet is an important supplement to drug treatment, and for patientsType 2 diabetes- Diet-based diet diet is the primary treatment.Due to impaired normal function of diabetes developmentpancreas, resulting in a decrease in insulin production, which is related to human assimilation, so proper nutrition and diet are very important.Diets for diabetes are used to metabolize carbohydrates and prevent fat metabolism.

What should the food be:

• Frequent and regular meals (preferably4-5 timesEvery day, around the same time), it is recommended to distribute carbohydrates evenly according to meals;
• Food should be richMacroandMicroelements(Zinc, calcium, phosphorus, potassium), alsoVitamin(Vitamins in Group B, A, P, ascorbic acid, retinol, riboflavin, thiamine);
• Food should change;
• sugarWorth changingSorbitol, Xilitis, Fructose, AspartamorsugarCan be added to the right food and drink;
• You can use it before1.5 litersLiquids every day;
• Products that are difficult to digest carbohydrates (vegetables, fruits, semolina), fiber-containing products (raw vegetables, beans, peas, oats), and cholesterol-rich products - egg yolks, liver, kidneys, kidneys;
• Diet must be strictly observed to avoid the development or exacerbation of the disease.

The diabetic diet does not prohibit sugar, and in some cases the following products in the diet are recommended:

• Black or specialDiabetic Bread(200-300 gr per day.);
• Vegetable soup, cabbage soup, okra fruit, beetroot;
• The soup prepared with broth can be eaten twice a week;
• Low fat (beef, veal, rabbit), poultry (Turkey, chicken), fish (pike bass, cod, pike) (about 100-150 gr per day.) Cooked, baked or poured into form;
• Useful cereals (buckwheat, oatmeal, millet) and pasta, beans can be eaten every other day;
• Potatoes, carrots and beets - no more than 200 grams.every day;
• The rest of the vegetables - including colored, cucumbers, spinach, tomatoes, eggplant, and green vegetables, can be eaten without restrictions;
• No more than 2 eggs;
• 200-300 gr.On the day of apples, oranges, lemons, it is possible to be in the form of juice.
• Dairy products (kefir, yogurt) - 1-2 cups per day, cheese, milk and sour cream and doctor's permission;
• It is recommended to consume low-fat cheese at 150-200 gr per day.every day in any form;
• You can consume fat every day until 40 grams.Warm butter and vegetable oil.

In drinks, black, green tea, weak coffee, juice, juice can be consumed from acidic varieties of berries and added with Xilitis or sorbitol, rose hip soup and mineral water.

This is important for people with diabetes.Easy to digest carbohydrates.Such products include sugar, honey, jam, candy, candy, chocolate.Using cakes, muffins from fruits - bananas, raisins, grapes is strictly restricted.Also, it is worth minimizing useFat food, First, fat, vegetables and butter, fat meat, sausage, mayonnaise.In addition, it is best to rule out fried, sharp, spicy and smoked dishes, sharp snacks, salty vegetables, cream, butter, alcohol in the diet.Do not consume more than 12 grams of salt per day.

Diabetes diet

Diets in diabetes must not fail.In this case, the characteristics of diet in diabetes mean the normalization of carbohydrate metabolism in the body while promoting the function of the pancreas.Diet does not include easy-to-digest carbohydrates, limiting useFat.Diabetics need to eat a lot of vegetables, but at the same time limit the food and salt of cholesterol.Food should be baked and cooked.

Patients with diabetes are advised to eat a lot of cabbage, tomatoes, zucchini, herbs, cucumbers, and beets.Diabetic patients can take Xylit, sorbitol, and fructose instead of sugar.At the same time, it is necessary to limit the amount of potatoes, bread, cereals, carrots, fat, and honey.

Sweet sugar, chocolate, candy, jam, banana, spicy, smoked, wood and pork fat, mustard, alcohol, grapes, raisins are prohibited.

You always need to take food at the same time, and your food intake cannot pass.Food should contain a lot of fiber.To do this, beans, rice, oats, and buckwheat should be included regularly in the diet.Every day, patients with diabetes should drink a lot of fluids.

Diet 9

Dietologists have developed a special diet that is recommended as the primary nutrition for diabetes.One feature of the 9th diet is that it can adapt to the patient's individual tastes and add or exclude certain dishes at will.Diet in diabetes produces conditions for standardized carbohydrate metabolism, helps maintain patient performance and takes into account the severity of the disease, accompanied by the severity of the disease, weight and energy costs.There is also a 9A diet, which is used as the basis for diet compilationGentle Diabetes.For patients with severe forms of diabetes, those who do not receive insulin and 9B, protein consumption specifications are increased and have varying degrees of obesity form, who receive insulin treatment for diabetes and perform additional physical exercise.Thick shapeIt is usually complicated by liver, gallbladder, and pancreatic diseases.

Diet 9About this diet:

• First breakfast(To work, 7 a.m.): Buckwheat porridge, meat paste or low-fat cheese; tea, bread and butter on Xlet.
• Lunch(at lunch time, 12 hours of the day): cheese, 1 cup of kefir.
• dinner(After get off work, 17 hours of the day): Vegetable soup, potatoes with boiled meat, an apple or orange.Or: Wipe the cabbage soup, boiled meat with stewed carrots, tea on wooden tea.
• dinner(20 pm): Cooked fish or potato chips, rose hip soup.
• Before going to bed, a cup of kefir or yogurt.

Prevent diabetes

Preventing diabetes can maintain the healthiest lifestyle.You should not pay extra weight, keep exercising and participate in exercise.Everyone should reduce the use of fat and candy.If a person is 40 years old or has diabetes cases in his family, preventing diabetes can check blood sugar regularly.

You need to try to eat a lot of fruits and vegetables every day, including more complex carbohydrates in your diet.Monitoring the extent to which salt and sugar enter the daily diet is equally important – in this case, abuse is not allowed.There should be many vitamin-containing products in the diet.

In addition, to prevent diabetes, it is important to maintain a state of mental balance to avoid stress.Furthermore, behaviors that violate carbohydrate metabolism are manifested by increased stress, so it is important to prevent this in advance.

Complications of diabetes

If diabetes treatment is not performed, the complications of diabetes manifested are special dangers to human health and life, or are incorrectly performed.Due to this complication, fatal results often occur.Usually, it is necessary to distinguish between acute complications of rapidly developing diabetes in patients and advanced complications that occur several years later.

Acute complications of diabetes manifestcoma: In this state, the patient loses consciousness and he violates the functions of many organs - liver, kidney, heart, nervous system.The reason for coma is a big changeacidityBlood, violating the ratio of salt to water in the body, the manifestation of large amounts of lactic acid, and the blood drops sharply in glucose levels.

Due to the advanced complications of diabetes, damage to the small blood vessels in the kidneys and eyes often occurs.This may happen if it affects large containersStroke,,,,,Myocardial infarction,,,,,Gangren's legs.The human nervous system also suffers.